Each of the following questions is worth 20 points. In order to earn 20 points, you will need to completely answer the question(s) in grammatically correct English and be able to cite your ideas. You will want to write 3-4 paragraphs per question. All answers should be in grammatically correct English. Again, you should avoid the words ‘it, this, that, thing’ or any of their derivatives.
1) Describe at least three FORMS of ritual (meaning the official names of the SORT of ritual). Provide an example for each of the three forms of ritual and then describe how each ritual might be comprised of preliminal, liminal, and reincorporation stages (Victor
Turner).
2) According to Victor Turner, there are societal moments of structure and anti-structure. Describe structure and anti-structure. What is the relationship between structure and anti-structure? Provide an original example (not Carnaval, Mardi Gras, Halloween, New Year, Fourth of July, St. Patrick’s Day) and then analyze that example using your insights
into structure and anti-structure.
3) Stories/narratives have played an important role in the development of culture and, more specifically, religion. Describe the parameters of mythology? What makes a myth distinct from bed time stories, or the fibs you tell in class (*kidding*)? Now describe one other form of story/narrative that influences culture and/or religion.
Provide a unique example of the type of story you have described.
4) Totems and fetishes are generally thought to be objects/items representing a larger idea. Totems and fetishes are parts that represent a whole. Create an argument, based in cultural materialism, as to why totemism might make sense under a specific mode of production. When answering this question, you might want to think as to whether or not we, in late-capitalism, also engage in totemism; or whether people living under feudalism also engaged in totemism. There is no right answer here. There is only a convincing argument. 5) Describe the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis. What are the benefits of this theory? What are the challenges of this theory? Provide an example of a situation in which the Whorf-
Sapir hypothesis might prove incorrect.
EXTRA CREDIT You all are experts at media. You all are enmeshed in media every single day, all day. Therefore, I would like to read your thoughts on how religion is portrayed in the media. You need to create an argument, using concrete and accessible examples, addressing how you think religion is portrayed in media. You might think about how a specific religion is portrayed in media. You might think about how religious people are portrayed. You might think about how nuns, or other religious women are portrayed. They sky is the limit. However, to receive credit you must create a convincing argument. I, the reader, should leave your essay thinking.
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